Every tool, color and control, explained
Every ? in the studio opens a chapter. Here are all 64 of them, one page each, grouped the way the studio is: the tools, color, the controls, paper and file, and tracing a photo.
Seven parts to every chapter
- What it does: the control, exactly: where it is, what each key and gesture does.
- Why it works this way: the reasoning behind the design, and what was rejected.
- The metaphor: the physical tool it borrows from, and where the comparison breaks.
- A history: the idea in art, in printing and in technology.
- In professional software: how Adobe, Autodesk and other programs do the same job.
- Try this: a few minutes in the studio that make the idea stick.
- Going further: related chapters, books and people.
The part called In professional software is an introduction to the programs a designer opens next: where Adobe Illustrator, Photoshop, Autodesk AutoCAD, Autodesk Fusion and others keep the same tool, what they call it, and what works differently.
Tools
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Move
Select shapes, then move, scale and turn them.
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Points
Reshape a path by its anchor points and their handles.
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Curves
Turn a corner into a smooth curve, or a curve into a corner.
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Pen
Place anchor points one by one to build a precise path.
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Draw
Draw a shape by hand; the line is fitted into smooth curves.
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Rectangle
Drag out a rectangle or a square.
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Ellipse
Drag out an ellipse or a circle.
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Triangle
Drag out a triangle.
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Hexagon
Drag out a hexagon.
Color
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Color space
The four ways the color cards can describe a color.
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RYB: mixing paint
Red, yellow, blue, white and black, mixed as pigments are.
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CMYK: printing ink
Cyan, magenta, yellow and black: the colors of the printing press.
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HSV: hue, saturation, brightness
A color by its hue, how pure it is, and how bright.
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RGB: light
Red, green and blue: the three lights a screen is made of.
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Hex color codes
The six-character code under each color, and what it spells.
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Color wheel
Every hue around a circle, with your three colors on it.
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Lock
Hold one color still while a harmony builds around it.
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Colors
The three colors of a notan, and swapping them.
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Front
The color of the paper’s face.
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Back
The color of the paper’s reverse, shown where a piece is flipped.
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Ground
The ground behind the sheet, shown where a piece is cut away.
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Color harmonies
How the color-wheel harmonies choose your three colors.
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Complementary
Two colors opposite each other on the wheel.
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Split complementary
One color plus the two either side of its opposite.
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Analogous
Neighbors on the wheel, close in hue.
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Triadic
Three colors evenly spaced around the wheel.
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Monochromatic
One hue at three lightnesses.
Controls
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Align
Line shapes up by their edges or centers, or against the sheet.
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Distribute
Space shapes out evenly.
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Transform
Scale, move, turn and reflect shapes by exact amounts.
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Copies
Repeat a transform to make a row, a ring or a spiral of shapes.
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Path editing
How the Points tool adds and smooths points as you reshape.
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Drawing
How closely a hand-drawn line is followed: accurate or smooth.
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Flipping
Folding a cut piece over an edge, one shape at a time or all at once.
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Interface size
Make the tools and panels bigger, not the artwork.
Paper and file
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Paper
The sheet the design is cut from, and its size.
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Inches and centimeters
The units sizes are shown in.
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Rotate the sheet
Turn the sheet between portrait and landscape.
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Undo and redo
Step back through what you did, and forward again.
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Reset
Start the design again, or the colors.
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File
Export the artwork, the cut lines or a project, and open one.
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Share
A link to the design that anyone can open and make their own.
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Zoom
Look closer, or step back to see the whole sheet.
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Replay
Watch every flip of the design play out again.
Trace a photo
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Trace a photo
Lay a photo over the sheet and turn its tones or colors into cut shapes.
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Placement
Fit, fill, move and crop the photo on the sheet.
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Skew and Unskew
Straighten a photo taken at an angle.
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A photo of a paper notan
Find sheet lines the photo up, then Build flips makes each cut and its flip.
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Preview and opacity
Choose what you see over the sheet while you adjust.
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Separate by
How front and back are told apart: by brightness or by color.
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Gray from
Which part of the photo’s color becomes the gray image.
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Brightness and contrast
Lighten, darken and stretch the gray image before the split.
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Front and back colors
Split the photo by closeness to colors you pick from it.
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Histogram
A picture of how many pixels there are at every tone.
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Levels: black, mid, white
Set the tonal range before the split.
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Threshold, Auto and Invert
Where front stops and back begins.
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Blur
Soften grain and texture before the split.
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Detail
Drop specks and fill pinholes below a size.
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Smoothness
Even out the traced outline between corners.
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Corner angle and span
What counts as a corner in the traced outline.
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Trace as
One compound shape, or up to 12 separate ones.
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Adjusting the photo on the canvas
The pill at the top of the canvas while you move, crop, skew or pick.
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After you trace
Traced shapes wait above the photo until they are flipped.
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Keeping the photo with a project
The photo is saved only when you ask.